India : mosquito capital of world

 dengue

Dengue fever is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The disease is more common in tropical and subtropical climates, and almost half of the world's population, about 4 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Symptoms typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection and can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, nausea, and rash. In severe cases, dengue can lead to severe stomach pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from the gums or nose, and difficulty breathing. There is no specific treatment for dengue, and the focus is on treating the symptoms. Severe dengue is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical care at a clinic or hospital. Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid getting dengue, and there is a vaccine called Dengvaxia for people who have had dengue at least once and live in areas where the disease is endemic.

Citations:

[1] Dengue home | CDC https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html

[2] Dengue and severe dengue https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

[3] Dengue Symptoms and Treatment| CDC https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html

[4] Dengue fever - Symptoms and causes https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078

[5] Dengue fever - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/8f7af7bf-8ff1-4476-9071-6121c63fa02e?s=m

how is dengue fever diagnosed

Dengue fever is diagnosed by a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and travel history to determine the likelihood of dengue virus infection. Laboratory confirmation can be made from a single acute-phase serum specimen obtained early (≤7 days after fever onset) by detecting viral genomic sequences with rRT-PCR or dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen by immunoassay. Later in the illness (≥4 days after fever onset), IgM against dengue virus can be detected with MAC-ELISA. Antibody tests are most accurate when done four days or more after symptoms begin. Molecular tests, such as PCR, can be done during the first seven days after symptoms begin.

In summary, dengue fever is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through laboratory tests, including the detection of viral genomic sequences, NS1 antigen, and IgM antibodies against the dengue virus, depending on the stage of the illness. Healthcare providers also take into account the patient's medical and travel history to determine the likelihood of dengue virus infection.

Citations:

[1] Diagnosis | Dengue - CDC https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/healthcare-providers/diagnosis.html

[2] Dengue Fever Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/

[3] Testing for Dengue Virus - CDC https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/healthcare-providers/testing/index.html

[4] Dengue fever - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353084

[5] Dengue and severe dengue https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/f564e7e2-7d46-4516-9e41-fd5395df393d?s=m

how is dengue fever treated

Dengue fever is a viral infection for which there is no specific medicine. Treatment mainly involves managing the symptoms. Here are the key points from the search results:

- Fluids: It is important to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, especially if experiencing fever, nausea, or vomiting.

- Pain relief: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) can be used to control fever and relieve pain. However, aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen should be avoided as they can increase the risk of bleeding.

- Medical care: For severe dengue, which is a medical emergency, hospitalization and medical care are often necessary. Severe symptoms may include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding, and restlessness.

In summary, the treatment for dengue fever involves managing symptoms with fluids and acetaminophen. It is important to seek medical care if severe symptoms develop, as severe dengue requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization.

Citations:

[1] Dengue fever - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353084

[2] Symptoms and Treatment | Dengue - CDC https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html

[3] Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments - WebMD https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue-fever-reference

[4] Dengue and severe dengue - World Health Organization (WHO) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

[5] Dengue fever - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/fa9327af-2e00-4a92-b66e-b408abc0c10c?s=m

what is the mortality rate of dengue fever

Dengue fever typically has a mortality rate of less than 1% when detected early and with proper medical care. However, when left untreated, the mortality rate can be as high as 20% . Severe dengue has a mortality rate of 2-5%, but when treated, it can be reduced to less than 1% . The case fatality rate has ranged from 1.1% to 14% in studies from different regions of the world. In a 1997 Cuban epidemic, the fatality rate in patients who met criteria for severe dengue was approximately 6%  The mortality rate associated with dengue fever is less than 1%, but it can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and the quality of treatment received

Citations:

[1] Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview

[2] Dengue and severe dengue https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

[3] Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Dengue Fever: Insights From a Comparative Analysis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10088565/

[4] The Dengue Prevalence and Mortality Rate Surpass COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Possible Strategies to Fight Against a Double-Punch Attack https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10291213/

[5] Dengue Fever - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430732/

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/e3fb1512-5099-4c84-8062-a56d2384e1b2?s=m